{"id":51,"date":"2026-06-07T18:38:23","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T10:38:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/?p=51"},"modified":"2026-06-07T18:39:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T10:39:36","slug":"h","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/2026\/06\/07\/h\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6c22"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u4e00\u3001\u4e13\u9898\u603b\u56fe\u4e0e\u8003\u70b9\u8fb9\u754c<\/h2>\n
\n \u7ade\u8d5b\u590d\u4e60\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/b>\u201c\u6c22\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u5143\u7d20\u4e13\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u673a\u3001\u7269\u5316\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6709\u673a\u548c\u6838\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7ebf\u4e3a\uff1a\n H2<\/sub> \u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u6027 \u2192 H \u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u6001 H+<\/sup>\/H\u00b7\/H\u2212<\/sup> \u2192 \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u5e94 \u2192 \u6c22\u5316\u7269\u7c7b\u578b \u2192 \u6c22\u952e\u4e0e\u8d28\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb \u2192 \u8fd8\u539f\u4e0e\u52a0\u6c22\u53cd\u5e94 \u2192 \u5b9a\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/b>\n <\/div>\n\n

1. \u5fc5\u987b\u7a77\u4e3e\u7684\u5927\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\u6a21\u5757<\/th>\u5fc5\u987b\u638c\u63e1\u5185\u5bb9<\/th>\u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8\u70b9<\/th><\/tr>\n
\u5355\u8d28\u6c22<\/td>\n H2<\/sub> \u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7269\u6027\u3001\u5236\u5907\u3001\u71c3\u70e7\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u52a0\u6c22<\/td>\n \u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u3001H\u2014H \u952e\u89e3\u79bb\u80fd\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u60f0\u6027\u3001\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u5316<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4f53\u7cfb<\/td>\n 1<\/sup>H\u3001D\u3001T\uff1bD2<\/sub>O\uff1b\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362<\/td>\n \u4e00\u7ea7\/\u4e8c\u7ea7\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u96f6\u70b9\u80fd\u3001\u793a\u8e2a\u4e0e\u6838\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\u6b63\u6c22\/\u4ef2\u6c22<\/td>\n \u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u3001\u8f6c\u52a8\u80fd\u7ea7\u3001\u5ba4\u6e29 3:1<\/td>\n \u4f4e\u6e29\u8f6c\u5316\u653e\u70ed\u3001\u6db2\u6c22\u50a8\u5b58\u3001D2<\/sub> \u7684\u53cd\u8f6c\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td>\n \u79bb\u5b50\u578b\u3001\u5171\u4ef7\u578b\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u578b\u3001\u914d\u5408\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td>\n \u7535\u5b50\u7f3a\u9677\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u3001\u6865\u6c22\u952e\u300118e \u89c4\u5219\u3001\u4e8c\u6c22\u952e\u3001\u50a8\u6c22\u6750\u6599<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\n \u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u5f3a\u5f31\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u5185\/\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u3001\u7269\u6027\u5f71\u54cd<\/td>\n \u534f\u540c\u6c22\u952e\u3001\u4f4e\u52bf\u5792\u6c22\u952e\u3001\u5171\u632f\u8f85\u52a9\u6c22\u952e\u3001\u53cc\u53c9\u6c22\u952e\u3001\u4e8c\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u6c27\u5316\u6001<\/td>\n H+<\/sup>\u3001H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup>\u3001H\u2212<\/sup>\u3001H\u00b7\uff1bH \u7684 +1\/0\/\u22121<\/td>\n \u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u8d28\u5b50 Eigen\/Zundel \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9178\u78b1\/\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u53cc\u91cd\u89d2\u8272<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\u5178\u578b\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\n \u4e0e O2<\/sub>\u3001\u5364\u7d20\u3001N2<\/sub>\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u3001\u6709\u673a\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u952e<\/td>\n \u50ac\u5316\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6c22\u5316\u3001\u6c22\u8f6c\u79fb\u3001\u6c22\u6ea2\u6d41\u3001\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e H2<\/sub> \u6d3b\u5316<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\u5b9a\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97<\/td>\n \u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u3001\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7535\u6781\u7535\u52bf\u3001pH\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf<\/td>\n Nernst \u65b9\u7a0b\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u6c22\u7535\u6781\u3001\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u6c34\u89e3\u4ea7\u6c22\u91cf\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4e30\u5ea6<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

2. \u6807\u8bc6\u8bf4\u660e<\/h3>\n

\u8bfe\u5185\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u4e2d\u4e3b\u5e72\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u7701\u8d5b\/\u56fd\u521d\/\u5927\u5b66\u5148\u4fee\u5e38\u8003\uff1b\u51b7\u95e8\u8003\u70b9<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u5076\u53d1\u4f46\u80fd\u62c9\u5206\uff1b\u6613\u9519\u9677\u9631<\/span>\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u9891\u8bef\u5224\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6c22\u5143\u7d20\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u57fa\u7840\u53c2\u6570<\/h2>\n\n

1. \u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • \u8bfe\u5185\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u6570 1\uff0c\u57fa\u6001\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\uff1a1s1<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6c22\u5728\u5468\u671f\u8868\u5e38\u7f6e\u4e8e\u7b2c 1 \u65cf\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5178\u578b\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\uff1a\u5b83\u53ef\u5931\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u6210 H+<\/sup>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u6210 H\u2212<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u5171\u4eab\u7535\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8<\/span>\u6c22\u4e0e\u5364\u7d20\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff1a\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u5f62\u6210 H\u2212<\/sup> \u7c7b\u4f3c\u5364\u79bb\u5b50\u5f62\u6210 X\u2212<\/sup>\uff0c\u4f46 H\u2212<\/sup> \u534a\u5f84\u8f83\u5927\u3001\u6781\u5316\u6027\u5f3a\u3001\u5f3a\u78b1\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

    2. \u5e38\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n \n
    \u9879\u76ee<\/th>\u6570\u503c\/\u7ed3\u8bba<\/th>\u8003\u70b9\u7528\u9014<\/th><\/tr>\n
    \u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>\u7ea6 1.008\uff1b\u6807\u51c6\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u533a\u95f4 [1.00784, 1.00811]<\/td>\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4e30\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H2<\/sub> \u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>2.01588 g\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>\u6c14\u4f53\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H2<\/sub> \u7194\u70b9<\/td>13.99 K\uff0c\u5373 \u2212259.16 \u2103<\/td>\u4f4e\u6cb8\u70b9\u3001\u5f31\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4f5c\u7528\u529b<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H2<\/sub> \u6cb8\u70b9<\/td>20.271 K\uff0c\u5373 \u2212252.879 \u2103<\/td>\u6db2\u6c22\u3001\u6b63\/\u4ef2\u6c22\u8f6c\u5316<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H2<\/sub> \u6c14\u4f53\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/td>\u7ea6 0.000082 g\u00b7cm\u22123<\/sup>\uff0c20 \u2103<\/td>\u6700\u8f7b\u6c14\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u6392\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H\u2014H \u952e\u957f<\/td>0.7414 \u00c5<\/td>\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u952e\u7ea7\u3001MO \u9898<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H\u2014H \u952e\u7113<\/td>\u7ea6 436 kJ\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u6d3b\u5316\u89e3\u91ca<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H \u539f\u5b50\u7b2c\u4e00\u7535\u79bb\u80fd<\/td>13.598 eV<\/td>H+<\/sup> \u6781\u96be\u4ee5\u88f8\u79bb\u5b50\u5b58\u5728<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H \u539f\u5b50\u7535\u5b50\u4eb2\u548c\u80fd<\/td>\u7ea6 0.754 eV<\/td>H\u2212<\/sup> \u5b58\u5728\u4f46\u6781\u5f3a\u78b1<\/td><\/tr>\n
    H2<\/sub> \u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u7206\u70b8\/\u53ef\u71c3\u8303\u56f4<\/td>\u7ea6 4%\u201375% \u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570<\/td>\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9898<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n

    \u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u7840\u6570\u636e\u53c2\u8003 RSC \u5143\u7d20\u6570\u636e\u3001NIST WebBook\u3001NIST \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u8868\u4e0e NIST CCCBDB\u3002:contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}<\/p>\n\n

    \n \u6613\u9519\uff1a<\/b>\u201c\u6c22\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b2c 1 \u65cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6027\u8d28\u50cf\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u201d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u6cdb\u5316\u3002\u6c22\u6ca1\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u6676\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f62\u6210 H+<\/sup> \u6676\u4f53\u76d0\uff1b\u5728\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13 H+<\/sup> \u5fc5\u7136\u5f3a\u70c8\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u3002\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n
    \n

    \u4e09\u3001\u5355\u8d28\u6c22 H2<\/sub><\/h2>\n\n

    1. \u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053<\/h3>\n
    \n \u8bfe\u5185\u57fa\u7840<\/span>H2<\/sub> \u662f\u975e\u6781\u6027\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5e38\u6e29\u5e38\u538b\u4e3a\u65e0\u8272\u3001\u65e0\u81ed\u3001\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u3002\n <\/div>\n
    H(1s1<\/sup>) + H(1s1<\/sup>) \u2192 H2<\/sub>\uff1a\u03c31s<\/sub>2<\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n
      \n
    • \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8<\/span>MO \u6392\u5e03\uff1a\u6210\u952e\u8f68\u9053 \u03c31s<\/sub> \u586b\u5165 2 e\u2212<\/sup>\uff0c\u53cd\u952e\u8f68\u9053 \u03c31s<\/sub>*<\/sup> \u7a7a\uff0c\u952e\u7ea7 = (2\u22120)\/2 = 1\uff0c\u6297\u78c1\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
    • H2<\/sub>+<\/sup>\uff1a\u03c31s<\/sub>1<\/sup>\uff0c\u952e\u7ea7 0.5\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4f46\u952e\u5f31\u3002<\/li>\n
    • H2<\/sub>\u2212<\/sup>\uff1a\u03c31s<\/sub>2<\/sup>\u03c31s<\/sub>*1<\/sup>\uff0c\u952e\u7ea7 0.5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u77ac\u6001\u6027\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n
    • H2<\/sub>2\u2212<\/sup>\uff1a\u03c31s<\/sub>2<\/sup>\u03c31s<\/sub>*2<\/sup>\uff0c\u952e\u7ea7 0\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u666e\u901a\u5206\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

      2. \u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u89e3\u91ca<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • H2<\/sub> \u65e0\u6c38\u4e45\u5076\u6781\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5c0f\u3001\u6781\u5316\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u8272\u6563\u529b\uff0c\u6545\u7194\u6cb8\u70b9\u6781\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n
      • H2<\/sub> \u6269\u6563\u5feb\uff1a\u540c\u6e29\u540c\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u683c\u96f7\u5384\u59c6\u5b9a\u5f8b r \u221d 1\/\u221aM<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0e O2<\/sub> \u6269\u6563\u901f\u7387\u6bd4\u7ea6 \u221a(32\/2)=4\u3002<\/li>\n
      • H2<\/sub> \u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f9d\u9760\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u663e\u8457\u50a8\u5b58\uff1b\u5de5\u4e1a\u50a8\u5b58\u591a\u7528\u9ad8\u538b\u6c14\u6001\u3001\u4f4e\u6e29\u6db2\u6001\u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\/\u5316\u5b66\u50a8\u6c22\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

        3. \u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u603b\u8bba<\/h3>\n
        \n \u603b\u5224\u65ad\uff1a<\/b>H2<\/sub> \u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u5e38\u662f\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242\uff0c\u4f46\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0a\u56e0 H\u2014H \u952e\u5f3a\u3001\u975e\u6781\u6027\u3001\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u8f83\u201c\u60f0\u6027\u201d\u3002\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3001\u5149\u7167\u3001\u9ad8\u6e29\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u53ef\u4f7f H\u2014H \u65ad\u88c2\u800c\u663e\u8457\u52a0\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\n <\/div>\n \n
        \u89d2\u8272<\/th>\u5178\u578b\u53cd\u5e94<\/th>\u672c\u8d28<\/th><\/tr>\n
        \u8fd8\u539f\u5242<\/td>CuO + H2<\/sub> \u2192 Cu + H2<\/sub>O<\/td>H \u4ece 0 \u5347\u5230 +1<\/td><\/tr>\n
        \u71c3\u6599<\/td>2H2<\/sub> + O2<\/sub> \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O<\/td>\u5f3a\u653e\u70ed\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a O\u2014H \u952e<\/td><\/tr>\n
        \u52a0\u6210\u8bd5\u5242<\/td>C=C + H2<\/sub> \u2192 C\u2014C<\/td>\u91d1\u5c5e\u50ac\u5316\u8868\u9762\u987a\u5f0f\u52a0\u6c22\u5e38\u89c1<\/td><\/tr>\n
        \u914d\u4f53\/\u5e95\u7269<\/td>M + H2<\/sub> \u2192 M(H)2<\/sub><\/td>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u52a0\u6210\u6216 \u03c3-\u914d\u5408<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n <\/section>\n\n
        \n

        \u56db\u3001\u6c22\u6c14\u7684\u5236\u5907\u3001\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u7eaf\u5316\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168<\/h2>\n\n

        1. \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5236\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

        \u9178\u4e0e\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e<\/h4>\n
        Zn + H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>(\u7a00) \u2192 ZnSO4<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
        Zn + 2HCl(\u7a00) \u2192 ZnCl2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
          \n
        • \u5e38\u7528 Zn \u800c\u5c11\u7528 Na\/K\uff1a\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u9002\u4e2d\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u3002<\/li>\n
        • \u7a00 H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u3001\u7a00 HCl \u53ef\u7528\uff1b\u6d53 H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u3001HNO3<\/sub> \u5f80\u5f80\u4f53\u73b0\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5236\u6c22\u9178\u3002<\/li>\n
        • Cu\u3001Ag \u4e0e\u975e\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u9178\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u653e H2<\/sub>\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

          \u4e24\u6027\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e\u5f3a\u78b1<\/h4>\n
          2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2<\/sub>O \u2192 2Na[Al(OH)4<\/sub>] + 3H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
          Zn + 2NaOH + 2H2<\/sub>O \u2192 Na2<\/sub>[Zn(OH)4<\/sub>] + H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
          \n \u6613\u9519\uff1a<\/b>Al \u4e0e\u6d53\u785d\u9178\u949d\u5316\uff1bAl \u4e0e NaOH \u653e\u6c22\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a NaOH \u662f\u201c\u9178\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f Al(OH)3<\/sub>\/\u6c27\u5316\u819c\u88ab\u5f3a\u78b1\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0e\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u3002\n <\/div>\n\n

          \u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u6c34\u89e3<\/h4>\n
          CaH2<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O \u2192 Ca(OH)2<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
          NaH + H2<\/sub>O \u2192 NaOH + H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n

          \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8<\/span>\u79bb\u5b50\u578b\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4e2d H \u4e3a \u22121\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d H \u4e3a +1\uff0c\u4ea7\u7269 H2<\/sub> \u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c22\u6765\u6e90\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea H\u2212<\/sup>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea H+<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n

          2. \u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u6cd5<\/h3>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
          \u65b9\u6cd5<\/th>\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr>\n
          \u5929\u7136\u6c14\u84b8\u6c7d\u91cd\u6574<\/td>\n CH4<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O(g) \u21cc CO + 3H2<\/sub>\uff1bNi\uff0c700\u20131100 \u2103<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u6d41\u5de5\u4e1a\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u63a5\u6c34\u7164\u6c14\u53d8\u6362<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
          \u6c34\u7164\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\n C + H2<\/sub>O(g) \u2192 CO + H2<\/sub>\uff1b\u9ad8\u6e29<\/td>\n \u5438\u70ed\uff0c\u9ad8\u6e29\u6709\u5229<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
          \u6c34\u7164\u6c14\u53d8\u6362<\/td>\n CO + H2<\/sub>O(g) \u21cc CO2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>\uff1bFe\u2013Cr \u6216 Cu\u2013Zn \u50ac\u5316<\/td>\n \u63d0\u9ad8 H2<\/sub> \u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e CO<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
          \u7535\u89e3\u6c34<\/td>\n 2H2<\/sub>O(l) \u2192 2H2<\/sub>(g) + O2<\/sub>(g)<\/td>\n \u9ad8\u7eaf\u6c22\uff1b\u80fd\u8017\u4e0e\u7535\u6e90\u6765\u6e90\u5173\u952e<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
          \u6c2f\u78b1\u5de5\u4e1a\u526f\u4ea7<\/td>\n 2NaCl + 2H2<\/sub>O \u2192 2NaOH + H2<\/sub> + Cl2<\/sub><\/td>\n \u9694\u819c\/\u79bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u819c\u6cd5\u526f\u4ea7 H2<\/sub><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

          3. \u6536\u96c6\u3001\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e0e\u7eaf\u5316<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • \u6536\u96c6\uff1a\u96be\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u53ef\u6392\u6c34\u6cd5\uff1b\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8fdc\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u53ef\u5411\u4e0b\u6392\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u4f46\u6613\u6df7\u5165\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u9700\u91cd\u89c6\u7206\u70b8\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u9a8c\u7eaf\uff1a\u70b9\u71c3\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u9a8c\u7eaf\uff1b\u82e5\u542c\u5230\u5c16\u9510\u7206\u9e23\u58f0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u6df7\u6709\u7a7a\u6c14\u6216\u6c27\u6c14\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u5e72\u71e5\uff1a\u53ef\u7528\u6d53 H2<\/sub>SO4<\/sub>\u3001\u65e0\u6c34 CaCl2<\/sub>\u3001P2<\/sub>O5<\/sub> \u7b49\uff1b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u4f1a\u4e0e H2<\/sub> \u53cd\u5e94\u6216\u5f15\u5165\u6742\u8d28\u7684\u5e72\u71e5\u5242\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u7eaf\u5316\uff1a\u5de5\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7eaf\u6c22\u5e38\u7528\u53d8\u538b\u5438\u9644\u3001\u94af\u819c\u6269\u6563\u7b49\uff1bPd \u80fd\u5438\u9644\/\u6eb6\u89e3\u6c22\u5e76\u8ba9\u539f\u5b50\u6c22\u6269\u6563\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

            4. \u5b89\u5168\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n
            \n \u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a<\/b>H2<\/sub> \u4e0e\u7a7a\u6c14\u6df7\u5408\u53ef\u71c3\u8303\u56f4\u5f88\u5bbd\uff0c\u7ea6 4%\u201375% \u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\uff1b\u70b9\u71c3\u524d\u4e0d\u9a8c\u7eaf\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9519\u8bef\u3002:contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}\n <\/div>\n
              \n
            • H2<\/sub> \u706b\u7130\u989c\u8272\u5f88\u6de1\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6f14\u793a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6613\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u6db2\u6c22\u6781\u4f4e\u6e29\uff0c\u6b63-\u4ef2\u6c22\u8f6c\u5316\u653e\u70ed\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u50a8\u5b58\u635f\u8017\u3002<\/li>\n
            • H2<\/sub> \u53ef\u9020\u6210\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u8106\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9ad8\u5f3a\u94a2\u3001\u949b\u5408\u91d1\u7b49\u6750\u6599\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n
              \n

              \u4e94\u3001\u6c22\u6c14\u7684\u5178\u578b\u65e0\u673a\u53cd\u5e94<\/h2>\n\n

              1. \u4e0e\u6c27\u6c14\uff1a\u71c3\u70e7\u4e0e\u7206\u70b8<\/h3>\n
              2H2<\/sub>(g) + O2<\/sub>(g) \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O(l)\u3000\u0394H\u00b0 \u2248 \u2212571.6 kJ<\/span><\/div>\n
                \n
              • 2 mol H2<\/sub> \u5b8c\u5168\u71c3\u70e7\u751f\u6210\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\uff0c\u653e\u70ed\u7ea6 571.6 kJ\uff1b\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u84b8\u6c14\u65f6\u653e\u70ed\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/li>\n
              • \u7206\u9e23\u6c14\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4\uff1aH2<\/sub>:O2<\/sub> = 2:1\u3002<\/li>\n
              • \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8<\/span>\u71c3\u70e7\u94fe\u53cd\u5e94\u6d89\u53ca H\u00b7\u3001O\u00b7\u3001OH\u00b7 \u7b49\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\uff0c\u5fae\u91cf\u50ac\u5316\u8868\u9762\u6216\u706b\u82b1\u53ef\u5f15\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                2. \u4e0e\u5364\u7d20<\/h3>\n \n
                \u53cd\u5e94<\/th>\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u73b0\u8c61<\/th>\u89c4\u5f8b<\/th><\/tr>\n
                H2<\/sub> + F2<\/sub> \u2192 2HF<\/td>\u4f4e\u6e29\u3001\u6697\u5904\u4e5f\u53ef\u5267\u70c8\u751a\u81f3\u7206\u70b8<\/td>F2<\/sub> \u6c27\u5316\u6027\u6781\u5f3a\uff0cH\u2014F \u952e\u5f3a<\/td><\/tr>\n
                H2<\/sub> + Cl2<\/sub> \u2192 2HCl<\/td>\u5149\u7167\u6216\u70b9\u71c3\uff1b\u53ef\u7206\u70b8<\/td>\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u94fe\u53cd\u5e94<\/td><\/tr>\n
                H2<\/sub> + Br2<\/sub> \u21cc 2HBr<\/td>\u52a0\u70ed\u6216\u50ac\u5316\uff1b\u8f83\u6162<\/td>\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u589e\u5f3a<\/td><\/tr>\n
                H2<\/sub> + I2<\/sub> \u21cc 2HI<\/td>\u9ad8\u6e29\u3001\u53ef\u9006\u660e\u663e<\/td>HI \u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4f4e\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u95ee\u9898\u5e38\u8003<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                3. \u4e0e\u6c2e\u6c14\uff1a\u5408\u6210\u6c28<\/h3>\n
                N2<\/sub>(g) + 3H2<\/sub>(g) \u21cc 2NH3<\/sub>(g)\u3000\u0394H\u00b0 < 0<\/span><\/div>\n
                  \n
                • \u6761\u4ef6\uff1aFe \u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u5e38\u542b K2<\/sub>O\u3001Al2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> \u7b49\u52a9\u5242\uff1b\u9ad8\u538b\u3001\u4e2d\u7b49\u9ad8\u6e29\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u4f4e\u6e29\u5229\u4e8e\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u9ad8\u6e29\u5229\u4e8e\u901f\u7387\uff1b\u9ad8\u538b\u5229\u4e8e\u6c14\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n
                • \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8<\/span>H2<\/sub> \u4e0e N2<\/sub> \u90fd\u9700\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u5438\u9644\u6d3b\u5316\uff1bN\u2261N \u65ad\u88c2\u5e38\u662f\u5173\u952e\u6162\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                  4. \u8fd8\u539f\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269<\/h3>\n
                  CuO + H2<\/sub> \u2192 Cu + H2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/div>\n
                  Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub> + 3H2<\/sub> \u2192 2Fe + 3H2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/div>\n
                    \n
                  • \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8f83\u4e0d\u6d3b\u6cfc\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u5982 CuO\u3001Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u3001WO3<\/sub> \u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4 H2<\/sub> \u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u6240\u6709\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\uff1bAl2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u3001MgO\u3001CaO \u7b49\u6781\u7a33\u5b9a\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u96be\u88ab H2<\/sub> \u8fd8\u539f\u3002<\/li>\n
                  • \u5de5\u4e1a\u7c89\u672b\u51b6\u91d1\u4e2d H2<\/sub> \u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u6c14\/\u8fd8\u539f\u6c14\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                    5. \u4e0e\u786b\u3001\u78b3\u3001CO\/CO2<\/sub> \u7b49<\/h3>\n
                    H2<\/sub> + S \u2192 H2<\/sub>S\u3000\u52a0\u70ed<\/span><\/div>\n
                    CO + 2H2<\/sub> \u21cc CH3<\/sub>OH\u3000Cu\/ZnO\/Al2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\uff0c\u9ad8\u6e29\u9ad8\u538b<\/span><\/div>\n
                    CO2<\/sub> + 4H2<\/sub> \u21cc CH4<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O\u3000Ni\uff0cSabatier \u53cd\u5e94<\/span><\/div>\n
                    CO + 3H2<\/sub> \u21cc CH4<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>O\u3000Ni<\/span><\/div>\n

                    \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8<\/span>CO\/CO2<\/sub> \u52a0\u6c22\u9898\u5e38\u7ed3\u5408\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5e73\u8861\u79fb\u52a8\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u4e0e\u78b3\u4e2d\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n

                    \n

                    \u516d\u3001\u6c22\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h2>\n\n

                    1. \u4e09\u79cd\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/h3>\n \n \n \n \n
                    \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/th>\u7b26\u53f7<\/th>\u6838\u7ec4\u6210<\/th>\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf<\/th>\u4e30\u5ea6\/\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/th>\u7279\u5f81<\/th><\/tr>\n
                    \u6c15<\/td>1<\/sup>H \u6216 H<\/td>1p\uff0c0n<\/td>1.00782503223<\/td>\u7ea6 0.999885<\/td>\u9633\u79bb\u5b50 1<\/sup>H+<\/sup> \u79f0\u8d28\u5b50<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                    \u6c18<\/td>2<\/sup>H \u6216 D<\/td>1p\uff0c1n<\/td>2.01410177812<\/td>\u7ea6 0.000115<\/td>\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1bD2<\/sub>O \u79f0\u91cd\u6c34<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                    \u6c1a<\/td>3<\/sup>H \u6216 T<\/td>1p\uff0c2n<\/td>3.0160492779<\/td>\u5929\u7136\u6781\u5fae\u91cf\uff0c\u653e\u5c04\u6027<\/td>\u03b2\u2212<\/sup> \u8870\u53d8\uff0c\u793a\u8e2a\u4e0e\u6838\u805a\u53d8<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n

                    \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u5929\u7136\u7ec4\u6210\u6570\u636e\u53c2\u8003 NIST\u3002:contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}<\/p>\n\n

                    2. \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5206\u5b50\u4e0e\u547d\u540d<\/h3>\n \n
                    \u5206\u5b50<\/th>\u540d\u79f0<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr>\n
                    H2<\/sub><\/td>\u666e\u901a\u6c22\u6c14\/\u6c15\u6c14<\/td>\u6700\u5e38\u89c1<\/td><\/tr>\n
                    D2<\/sub><\/td>\u6c18\u6c14<\/td>\u8d28\u91cf\u5927\uff0c\u6269\u6563\u6162\uff0c\u96f6\u70b9\u80fd\u4f4e<\/td><\/tr>\n
                    T2<\/sub><\/td>\u6c1a\u6c14<\/td>\u653e\u5c04\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n
                    HD\u3001HT\u3001DT<\/td>\u6df7\u5408\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6c22\u5206\u5b50<\/td>\u5f02\u6838\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u5fae\u5f31\u5076\u6781\uff0c\u5149\u8c31\u6027\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                    3. \u91cd\u6c34 D2<\/sub>O \u4e0e\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u5e94<\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    • D2<\/sub>O \u7194\u70b9\u7ea6 3.82 \u2103\u3001\u6cb8\u70b9\u7ea6 101.4 \u2103\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e H2<\/sub>O\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • D\u2014O \u952e\u96f6\u70b9\u80fd\u4f4e\u4e8e H\u2014O\uff0cD2<\/sub>O \u4e2d\u6c22\u952e\u76f8\u5173\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u6c34\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n
                    • D2<\/sub>O \u53ef\u4e0e\u542b\u6d3b\u6cfc\u6c22\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53d1\u751f H\/D \u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u673a\u7ed3\u6784\u9274\u5b9a\uff1a\u2014OH\u3001\u2014NH\u3001\u2014SH\u3001\u7fa7\u9178 H\u3001\u90e8\u5206 \u03b1-H \u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n
                      R\u2014OH + D2<\/sub>O \u21cc R\u2014OD + HOD<\/span><\/div>\n
                      CH3<\/sub>COCH3<\/sub> + D2<\/sub>O \u21cc CH3<\/sub>COCH2<\/sub>D + HOD\u3000\u9178\/\u78b1\u50ac\u5316<\/span><\/div>\n\n

                      4. \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u5e94 KIE<\/h3>\n
                      \n \u7ade\u8d5b\u6838\u5fc3\uff1a<\/b>\u82e5\u65ad\u88c2 H\u2014X \u952e\u662f\u51b3\u901f\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e38\u6709\u660e\u663e\u4e00\u7ea7\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5178\u578b kH<\/sub>\/kD<\/sub> \u53ef\u8fbe 2\u20138\uff0c\u5ba4\u6e29 C\u2014H\/C\u2014D \u65ad\u88c2\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1 6\u20137 \u7684\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u662f X\u2014H \u952e\u96f6\u70b9\u80fd\u9ad8\u4e8e X\u2014D\uff0c\u65ad H \u952e\u6240\u9700\u6709\u6548\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002\n <\/div>\n \n
                      \u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\u5b9a\u4e49<\/th>\u7ade\u8d5b\u5224\u65ad<\/th><\/tr>\n
                      \u4e00\u7ea7 KIE<\/td>\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u88ab\u65ad\u88c2\/\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u952e\u76f4\u63a5\u542b H \u6216 D<\/td>\u6570\u503c\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u51b3\u901f\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bc1\u636e<\/td><\/tr>\n
                      \u4e8c\u7ea7 KIE<\/td>\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u9644\u8fd1\u73af\u5883\u6539\u53d8\u4f46\u952e\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u65ad\u88c2<\/td>\u6570\u503c\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ef\u53cd\u6620\u6742\u5316\u53d8\u5316<\/td><\/tr>\n
                      \u6eb6\u5242\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u5e94<\/td>H2<\/sub>O \u4e0e D2<\/sub>O \u4f5c\u6eb6\u5242\u901f\u7387\u4e0d\u540c<\/td>\u5e38\u6307\u793a\u8d28\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94<\/td><\/tr>\n
                      \u5e73\u8861\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u5e94<\/td>H\/D \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u952e\u73af\u5883\u95f4\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c<\/td>\u4f4e\u96f6\u70b9\u80fd\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u504f\u597d\u66f4\u5f3a\u952e\/\u9ad8\u9891\u632f\u52a8\u952e<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                      5. \u6c1a\u7684\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u793a\u8e2a<\/h3>\n
                      3<\/sup>H \u2192 3<\/sup>He + \u03b2\u2212<\/sup> + \u03bd\u0305e<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\n
                        \n
                      • T \u534a\u8870\u671f\u7ea6 12.32 \u5e74\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u793a\u8e2a\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • D\u2013T \u805a\u53d8\uff1a2<\/sup>H + 3<\/sup>H \u2192 4<\/sup>He + n + 17.6 MeV\u3002<\/li>\n
                      • \u51b7\u95e8\u8003\u70b9<\/span>\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5143\u7d20\u5316\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u8f7b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u3001\u5149\u8c31\u3001\u70ed\u5bb9\u3001\u6269\u6563\u548c\u76f8\u53d8\u6e29\u5ea6\uff1b\u6c22\u662f\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6548\u5e94\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n
                        \n

                        \u4e03\u3001\u6b63\u6c22\u3001\u4ef2\u6c22\u4e0e\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u5f02\u6784<\/h2>\n\n

                        1. H2<\/sub> \u7684\u6b63\/\u4ef2\u6c22<\/h3>\n \n
                        \u9879\u76ee<\/th>\u6b63\u6c22 ortho-H2<\/sub><\/th>\u4ef2\u6c22 para-H2<\/sub><\/th><\/tr>\n
                        \u6838\u81ea\u65cb<\/td>\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d28\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u603b\u6838\u81ea\u65cb I=1\uff0c\u4e09\u91cd\u6001<\/td>\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d28\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u53cd\u5e73\u884c\uff0c\u603b\u6838\u81ea\u65cb I=0\uff0c\u5355\u91cd\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n
                        \u8f6c\u52a8\u91cf\u5b50\u6570 J<\/td>\u5947\u6570 J<\/td>\u5076\u6570 J<\/td><\/tr>\n
                        \u6700\u4f4e\u80fd\u7ea7<\/td>J=1<\/td>J=0<\/td><\/tr>\n
                        \u5ba4\u6e29\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/td>\u7ea6 75%<\/td>\u7ea6 25%<\/td><\/tr>\n
                        \u4f4e\u6e29\u5e73\u8861<\/td>\u542b\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e<\/td>\u8d8b\u8fd1\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c20 K \u9644\u8fd1\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u4e3a\u4ef2\u6c22<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n

                        \u6b63\/\u4ef2\u6c22\u7684 J \u5947\u5076\u89c4\u5219\u89c1\u5149\u8c31\u8d44\u6599\uff1bNIST \u4e5f\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4f4e\u4e8e 300 K \u7684\u6b63\/\u4ef2\u6c22\u7269\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u3002:contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}<\/p>\n\n

                        \n \u7ade\u8d5b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/b>\u5ba4\u6e29\u201c\u666e\u901a\u6c22\u201d\u7ea6\u4e3a\u6b63\u6c22:\u4ef2\u6c22 = 3:1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u7edf\u8ba1\u6743\u91cd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u6781\u9650\uff1b\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u4f4e\u7684 J=0 \u4ef2\u6c22\u5360\u4f18\u3002\n <\/div>\n\n

                        2. \u8f6c\u5316\u4e0e\u6db2\u6c22\u50a8\u5b58<\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • \u6b63\u6c22 \u2192 \u4ef2\u6c22\u8f6c\u5316\u653e\u70ed\uff1b\u82e5\u6db2\u5316\u524d\u672a\u50ac\u5316\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u50a8\u5b58\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7f13\u6162\u653e\u70ed\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6db2\u6c22\u84b8\u53d1\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/li>\n
                        • \u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff1a\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\u3001Fe2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u3001Cr2<\/sub>O3<\/sub>\u3001\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7b49\u53ef\u52a0\u901f\u8f6c\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n
                        • \u6b63\/\u4ef2\u6c22\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u6210\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e38\u89c4\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4f4e\u6e29\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5149\u8c31\u3001\u70ed\u5bb9\u9898\u4f1a\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                          3. D2<\/sub> \u7684\u51b7\u95e8\u53cd\u8f6c<\/h3>\n
                          \n \u51b7\u95e8\u8003\u70b9\uff1a<\/b>\u6c18\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u662f\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\uff1bD2<\/sub> \u7684\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0e H2<\/sub> \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e0b\uff0cortho-D2<\/sub> \u5bf9\u5e94\u5076\u6570 J\uff0cpara-D2<\/sub> \u5bf9\u5e94\u5947\u6570 J\uff0c\u9ad8\u6e29\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7ea6 2:1\uff1b\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u5076\u6570 J=0 \u6001\u5360\u4f18\u3002\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n
                          \n

                          \u516b\u3001\u6c22\u79bb\u5b50\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u8d28\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb<\/h2>\n\n

                          1. \u56db\u79cd\u6838\u5fc3\u7535\u5b50\u5f62\u6001<\/h3>\n \n
                          \u5f62\u6001<\/th>\u7535\u5b50\u6570<\/th>\u5178\u578b\u73af\u5883<\/th>\u6027\u8d28<\/th><\/tr>\n
                          H+<\/sup><\/td>0<\/td>\u6c14\u76f8\u3001\u5f3a\u9178\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b26\u53f7<\/td>\u6781\u5c0f\u3001\u6781\u5f3a\u6781\u5316\uff0c\u51dd\u805a\u76f8\u4e2d\u5fc5\u6eb6\u5242\u5316<\/td><\/tr>\n
                          H\u00b7<\/td>1<\/td>\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u94fe\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u7b49\u79bb\u5b50\u4f53\u3001\u5149\u5316\u5b66<\/td>\u9ad8\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u62bd\u6c22\/\u52a0\u6210<\/td><\/tr>\n
                          H\u2212<\/sup><\/td>2<\/td>\u79bb\u5b50\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u3001\u914d\u5408\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td>\u5f3a\u78b1\u3001\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u4eb2\u6838\u6c22<\/td><\/tr>\n
                          H2<\/sub><\/td>2\/\u5206\u5b50<\/td>\u5355\u8d28<\/td>\u975e\u6781\u6027\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8f83\u60f0\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n

                          IUPAC Gold Book \u5c06 H+<\/sup> \u7684\u901a\u79f0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a hydron\uff0cH\u2212<\/sup> \u4e3a hydride anion\uff1b\u5bf9 1<\/sup>H+<\/sup> \u624d\u4e25\u683c\u79f0 proton\u3002:contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}<\/p>\n\n

                          2. \u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u88f8 H+<\/sup>\u201d<\/h3>\n
                          H+<\/sup> + H2<\/sub>O \u2192 H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n
                            \n
                          • H+<\/sup> \u534a\u5f84\u6781\u5c0f\u3001\u7535\u8377\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u4ee5 H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup> \u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u6c34\u5408\u7c07\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n
                          • \u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\n
                              \n
                            • Eigen \u578b\uff1aH9<\/sub>O4<\/sub>+<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e3a H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup> \u88ab 3 \u4e2a\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u6c22\u952e\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n
                            • Zundel \u578b\uff1aH5<\/sub>O2<\/sub>+<\/sup>\uff0c\u8d28\u5b50\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/li>\n
                            • \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8<\/span>\u9178\u78b1\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684 H+<\/sup> \u662f\u7b80\u5199\uff1b\u673a\u7406\u548c\u6eb6\u5242\u6548\u5e94\u9898\u4e2d\u5e94\u5199 H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup> \u6216\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u8d28\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                              3. Grotthuss \u8d28\u5b50\u8df3\u8dc3\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n

                              \u6c34\u4e2d H+<\/sup> \u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u5e76\u975e\u5355\u4e2a\u8d28\u5b50\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6cbf\u6c22\u952e\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u65ad\u952e\u2014\u6210\u952e\u2014\u91cd\u6392\u201d\u8fde\u7eed\u63a5\u529b\u8fc1\u79fb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 H+<\/sup> \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u7535\u5bfc\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

                              H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup>\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7H2<\/sub>O \u2192 H2<\/sub>O\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n\n

                              4. H\u2212<\/sup> \u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u672c\u8d28<\/h3>\n
                                \n
                              • H\u2212<\/sup> + H+<\/sup> \u2192 H2<\/sub>\uff1a\u9178\u78b1\u4e2d\u548c\u672c\u8d28\u4e5f\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\u5f52\u5e76\u3002<\/li>\n
                              • H\u2212<\/sup> \u7ed9\u51fa\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u653b\u51fb\u7fb0\u57fa\u78b3\uff1a\u662f\u6709\u673a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242 NaBH4<\/sub>\u3001LiAlH4<\/sub> \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n
                              • \u6c14\u76f8 H\u2212<\/sup> \u53ef\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u201c\u6e38\u79bb H\u2212<\/sup>\u201d\u6781\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u91d1\u5c5e\/\u787c\/\u94dd\u914d\u5408\u7269\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n
                                \n

                                \u4e5d\u3001\u6c22\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001\u5224\u5b9a<\/h2>\n\n

                                1. \u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n \n
                                \u73af\u5883<\/th>\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u6001<\/th>\u4f8b\u5b50<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                \u5355\u8d28<\/td>0<\/td>H2<\/sub>\u3001D2<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\n
                                \u4e0e\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u8f83\u7535\u8d1f\u5143\u7d20\u6210\u952e<\/td>+1<\/td>H2<\/sub>O\u3001HF\u3001NH3<\/sub>\u3001CH4<\/sub> \u4e2d H \u901a\u5e38\u6309 +1<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                \u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6216\u66f4\u4f4e\u7535\u8d1f\u5143\u7d20\u6210\u952e<\/td>\u22121<\/td>NaH\u3001CaH2<\/sub>\u3001LiAlH4<\/sub>\u3001NaBH4<\/sub>\u3001SiH4<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\n
                                \u6865\u6c22\/\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u914d\u5408\u7269<\/td>\u591a\u6309\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u914d\u4f53 H\u2212<\/sup><\/td>[FeH(CO)4<\/sub>]\u2212<\/sup>\u3001B2<\/sub>H6<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                2. \u5178\u578b\u5224\u5b9a\u4f8b\u9898<\/h3>\n \n
                                \u7269\u8d28<\/th>\u5224\u5b9a<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                H2<\/sub>O<\/td>H = +1\uff0cO = \u22122<\/td>\u5e38\u89c4<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                H2<\/sub>O2<\/sub><\/td>H = +1\uff0cO = \u22121<\/td>\u8fc7\u6c27\u952e O\u2014O<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                NaH<\/td>Na = +1\uff0cH = \u22121<\/td>\u79bb\u5b50\u578b\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                CaH2<\/sub><\/td>Ca = +2\uff0cH = \u22121<\/td>\u6c34\u89e3\u4ea7 H2<\/sub><\/td><\/tr>\n
                                NaBH4<\/sub><\/td>Na = +1\uff0cH = \u22121\uff0cB = +3<\/td>[BH4<\/sub>]\u2212<\/sup> \u662f\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4f9b\u4f53<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                LiAlH4<\/sub><\/td>Li = +1\uff0cH = \u22121\uff0cAl = +3<\/td>\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                CH4<\/sub><\/td>H = +1\uff0cC = \u22124<\/td>C \u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u7565\u5927\u4e8e H<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                SiH4<\/sub><\/td>H = \u22121\uff0cSi = +4<\/td>Si \u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u5c0f\u4e8e H\uff0c\u7845\u70f7\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                HOF<\/td>H = +1\uff0cF = \u22121\uff0cO = 0<\/td>\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u6c1f\u542b\u6c27\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n
                                \n \u9ad8\u9891\u9677\u9631\uff1a<\/b>\u201c\u6c22\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f +1\u201d\u9519\u8bef\uff1b\u201c\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4e2d\u7684 H \u4e00\u5b9a \u22121\u201d\u4e5f\u9700\u9650\u5b9a\u3002NH3<\/sub>\u3001H2<\/sub>O\u3001HF \u4e5f\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u6c2e\/\u6c27\/\u6c1f\u7684\u6c22\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d H \u4e3a +1\uff1b\u7ade\u8d5b\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u201c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u3001\u914d\u5408\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u201d\u624d\u5e38\u628a H \u4f5c\u4e3a H\u2212<\/sup>\u3002\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n
                                \n

                                \u5341\u3001\u5404\u7c7b\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u5168\u4f53\u7cfb<\/h2>\n\n

                                1. \u5206\u7c7b\u603b\u8868<\/h3>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
                                \u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\u952e\u578b\/\u7ed3\u6784<\/th>\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50<\/th>\u6838\u5fc3\u6027\u8d28<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                \u79bb\u5b50\u578b\/\u76d0\u578b\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td>\n M+<\/sup>H\u2212<\/sup> \u6216 M2+<\/sup>(H\u2212<\/sup>)2<\/sub><\/td>\n LiH\u3001NaH\u3001KH\u3001CaH2<\/sub><\/td>\n \u5f3a\u78b1\u3001\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u9047\u6c34\u653e H2<\/sub><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                \u5171\u4ef7\u578b\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td>\n \u5206\u5b50\u6216\u805a\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5171\u4ef7 E\u2014H<\/td>\n CH4<\/sub>\u3001NH3<\/sub>\u3001H2<\/sub>O\u3001HF\u3001B2<\/sub>H6<\/sub><\/td>\n \u9178\u78b1\u6027\u3001\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u968f\u65cf\u53d8\u5316<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                \u91d1\u5c5e\u578b\/\u95f4\u9699\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td>\n H \u8fdb\u5165\u91d1\u5c5e\u6676\u683c\u95f4\u9699<\/td>\n PdHx<\/sub>\u3001LaNi5<\/sub>H6<\/sub>\u3001TiH2<\/sub><\/td>\n \u975e\u6574\u6bd4\u3001\u5bfc\u7535\u3001\u50a8\u6c22\u3001\u6c22\u8106<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                \u914d\u5408\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td>\n \u542b M\u2014H \u6216 E\u2014H \u914d\u4f4d\u952e\/\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u952e<\/td>\n LiAlH4<\/sub>\u3001NaBH4<\/sub>\u3001[FeH(CO)4<\/sub>]\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\n \u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u6c22\u8f6c\u79fb\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                \u805a\u5408\/\u6865\u6c22\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/td>\n H \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6865\u8fde\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e8c\u7535\u5b50\u952e<\/td>\n B2<\/sub>H6<\/sub>\u3001AlH3<\/sub> \u805a\u5408\u7269<\/td>\n \u7535\u5b50\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u9898\u9ad8\u9891<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                2. \u79bb\u5b50\u578b\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/h3>\n
                                2Li + H2<\/sub> \u2192 2LiH\u3000\u52a0\u70ed<\/span><\/div>\n
                                Ca + H2<\/sub> \u2192 CaH2<\/sub>\u3000\u52a0\u70ed<\/span><\/div>\n
                                  \n
                                • \u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u548c\u8f83\u6d3b\u6cfc\u78b1\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • \u6676\u4f53\u4e2d\u53ef\u8fd1\u4f3c\u770b\u4f5c H\u2212<\/sup>\uff0c\u6545\u7194\u70b9\u8f83\u9ad8\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u79bb\u5b50\u6676\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n
                                • \u9047\u6c34\u3001\u9187\u3001\u9178\u5267\u70c8\u53cd\u5e94\u653e H2<\/sub>\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n
                                  H\u2212<\/sup> + H2<\/sub>O \u2192 H2<\/sub> + OH\u2212<\/sup><\/span><\/div>\n
                                  \n \u4ea7\u6c22\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/b>\u82e5 1 mol CaH2<\/sub> \u5b8c\u5168\u6c34\u89e3\uff0c\u751f\u6210 2 mol H2<\/sub>\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\u6c22\u6765\u81ea\u6c22\u5316\u7269\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u6765\u81ea\u6c34\u3002\u6807\u8bb0\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6765\u6e90\u3002\n <\/div>\n\n

                                  3. \u5171\u4ef7\u578b\u6c22\u5316\u7269\uff1a\u6309\u7535\u5b50\u6570\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n \n \n \n \n
                                  \u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\u4ee3\u8868<\/th>\u7279\u70b9<\/th>\u7ade\u8d5b\u7ed3\u8bba<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                  \u7535\u5b50\u7f3a\u9677\u578b<\/td>\n BH3<\/sub>\u3001B2<\/sub>H6<\/sub>\u3001AlH3<\/sub><\/td>\n \u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5b50\u7f3a\u516b\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5e38\u4e8c\u805a\/\u805a\u5408<\/td>\n \u6613\u5f62\u6210\u6865\u6c22\u3001\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u952e\uff0c\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u9898\u6838\u5fc3<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                  \u7535\u5b50\u7cbe\u786e\u578b<\/td>\n CH4<\/sub>\u3001SiH4<\/sub><\/td>\n \u6ee1\u8db3\u516b\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u65e0\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50<\/td>\n CH4<\/sub> \u7a33\u5b9a\uff1bSiH4<\/sub> \u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u6613\u71c3<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                  \u7535\u5b50\u5bcc\u4f59\u578b<\/td>\n NH3<\/sub>\u3001H2<\/sub>O\u3001HF<\/td>\n \u4e2d\u5fc3\u539f\u5b50\u6709\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50<\/td>\n \u53ef\u4f5c Lewis \u78b1\uff0c\u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                  4. \u787c\u70f7\u4e0e\u4e09\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e8c\u7535\u5b50\u952e<\/h3>\n
                                  2BH3<\/sub> \u2192 B2<\/sub>H6<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\n
                                    \n
                                  • B2<\/sub>H6<\/sub> \u6709 4 \u4e2a\u7aef\u57fa B\u2014H \u666e\u901a\u4e8c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e8c\u7535\u5b50\u952e\uff0c2 \u4e2a\u6865\u6c22\u5f62\u6210 B\u2014H\u2014B \u4e09\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e8c\u7535\u5b50\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • \u6865\u6c22\u952e\u5e38\u753b\u6210\u201c\u9999\u8549\u952e\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u666e\u901a B\u2014H \u5355\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                  • B2<\/sub>H6<\/sub> \u4e0e Lewis \u78b1\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u88c2\u89e3\u4e3a BH3<\/sub> \u914d\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5982 BH3<\/sub>\u00b7THF\u3001BH3<\/sub>\u00b7NH3<\/sub>\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n
                                    B2<\/sub>H6<\/sub> + 2NH3<\/sub> \u2192 2BH3<\/sub>\u00b7NH3<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\n\n

                                    5. \u7b2c 14\u201317 \u65cf\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u89c4\u5f8b<\/h3>\n \n \n \n \n \n
                                    \u65cf<\/th>\u4ee3\u8868<\/th>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b<\/th>\u9178\u78b1\/\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                    14 \u65cf<\/td>\n CH4<\/sub>\u3001SiH4<\/sub>\u3001GeH4<\/sub>\u3001SnH4<\/sub><\/td>\n C\u2014H \u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5411\u4e0b\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u964d\u4f4e<\/td>\n \u5411\u4e0b\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff1bSiH4<\/sub> \u53ef\u81ea\u71c3<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                    15 \u65cf<\/td>\n NH3<\/sub>\u3001PH3<\/sub>\u3001AsH3<\/sub><\/td>\n \u5411\u4e0b E\u2014H \u952e\u5f31\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u964d\u4f4e<\/td>\n \u78b1\u6027 NH3<\/sub> \u6700\u5927\uff1b\u5411\u4e0b\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u589e\u5f3a<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                    16 \u65cf<\/td>\n H2<\/sub>O\u3001H2<\/sub>S\u3001H2<\/sub>Se\u3001H2<\/sub>Te<\/td>\n \u5411\u4e0b\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u964d\u4f4e<\/td>\n \u9178\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\uff1bH2<\/sub>O \u56e0\u6c22\u952e\u6cb8\u70b9\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                    17 \u65cf<\/td>\n HF\u3001HCl\u3001HBr\u3001HI<\/td>\n H\u2014X \u952e\u80fd\u5411\u4e0b\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027 HF > HCl > HBr > HI<\/td>\n \u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u9178\u6027 HF < HCl < HBr < HI\uff1b\u8fd8\u539f\u6027 HI \u6700\u5f3a<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                    6. \u914d\u5408\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4e0e\u6709\u673a\u8fd8\u539f\u5242<\/h3>\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
                                    \u8bd5\u5242<\/th>\u5f3a\u5f31\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u6027<\/th>\u5178\u578b\u7528\u9014<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                    LiAlH4<\/sub><\/td>\n \u5f3a\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6c34\/\u9187\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n \u8fd8\u539f\u919b\u3001\u916e\u3001\u7fa7\u9178\u3001\u916f\u3001\u9170\u6c2f\u3001\u9170\u80fa\u3001\u8148\u7b49<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                    NaBH4<\/sub><\/td>\n \u6e29\u548c\uff1b\u53ef\u5728\u9187\/\u6c34\u9187\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n \u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u539f\u919b\u3001\u916e\uff1b\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u8fd8\u539f\u666e\u901a\u916f\/\u7fa7\u9178\/\u9170\u80fa<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                    DIBAL-H<\/td>\n \u5927\u4f4d\u963b\u94dd\u6c22\u8bd5\u5242<\/td>\n \u4f4e\u6e29\u53ef\u5c06\u916f\u3001\u8148\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u919b<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                    LiAlH(O-t-Bu)3<\/sub><\/td>\n \u4f4d\u963b\u5927\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u9ad8<\/td>\n \u9170\u6c2f \u2192 \u919b<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                    NaBH3<\/sub>CN<\/td>\n \u5f31\u800c\u8010\u9178<\/td>\n \u8fd8\u539f\u80fa\u5316\u4e2d\u8fd8\u539f\u4e9a\u80fa\/\u4e9a\u80fa\u9393<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                    7. \u91d1\u5c5e\u578b\/\u95f4\u9699\u6c22\u5316\u7269<\/h3>\n
                                      \n
                                    • Pd \u80fd\u5927\u91cf\u5438\u6536 H2<\/sub>\uff0c\u5f62\u6210 PdHx<\/sub>\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6c22\u5316\u50ac\u5316\u3001\u6c22\u7eaf\u5316\u548c\u50a8\u6c22\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/li>\n
                                    • \u95f4\u9699\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u5e38\u975e\u6574\u6bd4\uff0c\u5982 MHx<\/sub>\uff1bH \u539f\u5b50\u5360\u636e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6676\u683c\u56db\u9762\u4f53\/\u516b\u9762\u4f53\u7a7a\u9699\u3002<\/li>\n
                                    • \u8bb8\u591a\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4ecd\u5bfc\u7535\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u76d0\u578b\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u3002<\/li>\n
                                    • \u51b7\u95e8\u8003\u70b9<\/span>\u9ad8\u538b\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4e0e\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u70ed\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u5b66\u7ade\u8d5b\u591a\u8003\u201c\u95f4\u9699\u3001\u975e\u6574\u6bd4\u3001\u50a8\u6c22\u3001\u6c22\u8106\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u590d\u6742\u76f8\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                                      8. \u4e8c\u6c22\u952e dihydrogen bond<\/h3>\n
                                      \n \u51b7\u95e8\u9ad8\u9636\uff1a<\/b>\u5f53\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u6027\u6c22 X\u2014H\u03b4+<\/sup> \u4e0e\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u6c22 M\u2014H\u03b4\u2212<\/sup> \u63a5\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u5f62\u6210 X\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7H\u2014M \u578b\u4e8c\u6c22\u952e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 NH3<\/sub>BH3<\/sub> \u4e2d N\u2014H\u03b4+<\/sup> \u4e0e B\u2014H\u03b4\u2212<\/sup> \u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6c22\u952e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f H\u2014H \u5171\u4ef7\u952e\u3002\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n
                                      \n

                                      \u5341\u4e00\u3001\u6c22\u952e\uff1a\u7ade\u8d5b\u6df1\u5ea6\u8003\u70b9<\/h2>\n\n

                                      1. \u6c22\u952e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u6761\u4ef6<\/h3>\n

                                      IUPAC \u5c06\u6c22\u952e\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a X\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7Y \u578b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d H \u4e0e\u8f83\u7535\u8d1f\u7684 X \u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e Y \u7684\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u03c0 \u7535\u5b50\u6216\u9634\u79bb\u5b50\u533a\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u5438\u5f15\uff1b\u6c22\u952e\u53ef\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u3002:contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}<\/p>\n \n
                                      \u8981\u7d20<\/th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th>\u4f8b\u5b50<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                      \u4f9b\u4f53 D\u2014H<\/td>D \u5e38\u4e3a F\u3001O\u3001N\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e3a\u8f83\u6d3b\u6cfc C\u2014H\u3001S\u2014H \u7b49<\/td>O\u2014H\u3001N\u2014H\u3001F\u2014H<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                      \u53d7\u4f53 A<\/td>\u6709\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u03c0 \u7535\u5b50\u6216\u8d1f\u7535\u8377<\/td>O\u3001N\u3001F\u3001Cl\u2212<\/sup>\u3001\u7fb0\u57fa O\u3001\u82b3\u73af \u03c0<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                      \u65b9\u5411\u6027<\/td>D\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7A \u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u7ebf\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u8d8a\u5f3a<\/td>\u51b0\u4e2d\u8fd1\u56db\u9762\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                      \u8ddd\u79bb<\/td>H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7A \u8ddd\u79bb\u901a\u5e38\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8303\u5fb7\u534e\u534a\u5f84\u548c<\/td>\u5f3a\u6c22\u952e\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1\u5bf9\u79f0<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                      2. \u6c22\u952e\u5f3a\u5f31\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h3>\n \n
                                      \u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\u5178\u578b\u80fd\u91cf\u8303\u56f4<\/th>\u4f8b\u5b50<\/th>\u5224\u65ad\u8981\u70b9<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                      \u5f31\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\u7ea6 1\u201310 kJ\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>C\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7O\u3001C\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7\u03c0<\/td>\u4f9b\u4f53\u5f31\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u5dee<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                      \u4e2d\u7b49\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\u7ea6 10\u201340 kJ\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>O\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7O\u3001N\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7O\u3001N\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7N<\/td>\u666e\u901a\u6709\u673a\/\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7cfb\u5e38\u89c1<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                      \u5f3a\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\u7ea6 40\u2013100+ kJ\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup><\/td>[F\u2014H\u2014F]\u2212<\/sup>\u3001\u5f3a\u7535\u8377\u8f85\u52a9\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\u77ed\u3001\u8fd1\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u5e38\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5171\u4ef7\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                      \u5f3a\u5f31\u6392\u5e8f\u5e38\u7528\u539f\u5219<\/h4>\n
                                        \n
                                      1. \u4f9b\u4f53 D\u2014H \u8d8a\u6781\u5316\u3001H \u8d8a\u5e26 \u03b4+<\/sup>\uff0c\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      2. \u53d7\u4f53\u78b1\u6027\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3001\u5b64\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u8d8a\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      3. \u7535\u8377\u8f85\u52a9\u6c22\u952e\u901a\u5e38\u5f3a\u4e8e\u4e2d\u6027\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u6c22\u952e\uff1aO\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7O\u2212<\/sup> > O\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7O\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      4. \u51e0\u4f55\u8d8a\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d8a\u77ed\uff0c\u8d8a\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      5. \u6eb6\u5242\u7ade\u4e89\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u6c22\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u8d8a\u5f31\uff1b\u6c14\u76f8\u5f3a\u5f31\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7b49\u540c\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u5f3a\u5f31\u3002<\/li>\n
                                      6. \u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e\u82e5\u5f62\u6210\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e94\u5143\/\u516d\u5143\u73af\uff0c\u5e38\u663e\u8457\u589e\u5f3a\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u7269\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n

                                        3. \u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e<\/h3>\n \n \n \n \n \n
                                        \u4f8b\u5b50<\/th>\u7ed3\u6784\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\u6027\u8d28\u5f71\u54cd<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                        \u90bb\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u915a<\/td>\n \u2014OH \u4e0e\u90bb\u4f4d \u2014NO2<\/sub> \u7684 O \u5f62\u6210\u516d\u5143\u73af\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\n \u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u7f14\u5408\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6cb8\u70b9\/\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4f4d\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                        \u6c34\u6768\u9178<\/td>\n \u915a\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u7fa7\u57fa\/\u7fa7\u9178\u76d0\u5f62\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\n \u5f71\u54cd\u9178\u6027\u3001\u7194\u70b9\u3001\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                        \u4e59\u9170\u4e19\u916e\u70ef\u9187\u5f0f<\/td>\n O\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7O=C \u5f62\u6210\u516d\u5143\u73af\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e \u03c0 \u5171\u8f6d\u8026\u5408<\/td>\n \u70ef\u9187\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u5171\u632f\u8f85\u52a9\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                        \u90bb\u7f9f\u57fa\u82ef\u7532\u919b<\/td>\n \u915a\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u919b\u57fa O \u5f62\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\n \u7ea2\u5916 O\u2014H \u4f38\u7f29\u5438\u6536\u4f4d\u79fb\uff0c\u6784\u8c61\u9501\u5b9a<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
                                        \n \u6613\u9519\uff1a<\/b>\u90bb\u4f4d\u5f62\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u6c22\u952e\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7194\u6cb8\u70b9\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1b\u5bf9\u4f4d\u5f02\u6784\u4f53\u5e38\u56e0\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u6c22\u952e\u548c\u6676\u683c\u5806\u79ef\u66f4\u5f3a\u800c\u7194\u6cb8\u70b9\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\n <\/div>\n\n

                                        4. \u534f\u540c\u6c22\u952e\u4e0e\u6c22\u952e\u7f51\u7edc<\/h3>\n
                                        \n \u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff1a<\/b>\u591a\u4e2a\u6c22\u952e\u4e32\u8054\u65f6\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c22\u952e\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u4f9b\u4f53\/\u53d7\u4f53\u6781\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u540e\u7eed\u6c22\u952e\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u79f0\u6b63\u534f\u540c\u3002\u6c34\u3001HF \u94fe\u3001\u7fa7\u9178\u4e8c\u805a\u4f53\u3001DNA \u78b1\u57fa\u914d\u5bf9\u5747\u4f53\u73b0\u6c22\u952e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u534f\u540c\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\n <\/div>\n
                                          \n
                                        • HF \u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u94fe\u72b6\u805a\u96c6\u4f53 (HF)n<\/sub>\uff0c\u6c22\u952e\u5f3a\uff0c\u6545 HF \u6cb8\u70b9\u663e\u8457\u9ad8\u4e8e HCl\u3002<\/li>\n
                                        • \u6c34\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u7ef4\u6c22\u952e\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6cb8\u70b9\u3001\u7194\u70b9\u3001\u70ed\u5bb9\u3001\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\uff1b\u51b0\u4e2d\u5f00\u9614\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u51b0\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u3002<\/li>\n
                                        • \u7fa7\u9178\u5e38\u5f62\u6210\u73af\u72b6\u4e8c\u805a\u4f53\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a O\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7O=C \u6c22\u952e\u4e92\u76f8\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c14\u76f8\/\u975e\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u4e8c\u805a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                                          5. \u6c22\u952e\u5bf9\u7194\u6cb8\u70b9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n \n
                                          \u6bd4\u8f83<\/th>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/th>\u89e3\u91ca<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                          H2<\/sub>O vs H2<\/sub>S<\/td>H2<\/sub>O \u6cb8\u70b9\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8<\/td>\u6c34\u6709\u5f3a\u4e09\u7ef4\u6c22\u952e\u7f51\u7edc<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                          HF vs HCl<\/td>HF \u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8\u4e8e HCl<\/td>HF \u5f62\u6210\u5f3a\u6c22\u952e\u94fe<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                          NH3<\/sub> vs PH3<\/sub><\/td>NH3<\/sub> \u6cb8\u70b9\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8<\/td>N\u2014H \u53ef\u6c22\u952e\uff0cPH3<\/sub> \u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                          \u9187 vs \u540c\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u919a<\/td>\u9187\u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8<\/td>\u9187\u80fd\u4f5c\u6c22\u952e\u4f9b\u4f53\u548c\u53d7\u4f53\uff0c\u919a\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u53d7\u4f53<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                          \u7fa7\u9178 vs \u916f<\/td>\u7fa7\u9178\u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8<\/td>\u7fa7\u9178\u4e8c\u805a\u4f53\u5f3a\u6c22\u952e<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                          \u90bb\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u915a vs \u5bf9\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u915a<\/td>\u90bb\u4f4d\u5e38\u66f4\u6613\u6325\u53d1<\/td>\u90bb\u4f4d\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e\u524a\u5f31\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u7f14\u5408<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                          6. \u6c22\u952e\u5bf9\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n
                                            \n
                                          • \u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u9187\u3001\u80fa\u3001\u7fa7\u9178\u80fd\u4e0e\u6c34\u5f62\u6210\u6c22\u952e\uff0c\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u8f83\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n
                                          • \u78b3\u94fe\u589e\u957f\u4f7f\u758f\u6c34\u90e8\u5206\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/li>\n
                                          • \u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0e\u6c34\u5f62\u6210\u6c22\u952e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
                                          • \u79bb\u5b50\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u4e2d\u6027\u6c22\u952e\u66f4\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7fa7\u9178\u76d0\u8fdc\u6bd4\u7fa7\u9178\u6613\u6eb6\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                                            7. \u6c22\u952e\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5149\u8c31\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n
                                              \n
                                            • \u7ea2\u5916\uff1a\u5f3a\u6c22\u952e\u4f7f X\u2014H \u4f38\u7f29\u632f\u52a8\u9891\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3001\u5cf0\u53d8\u5bbd\uff0c\u5373\u7ea2\u79fb\u4e0e\u5c55\u5bbd\u3002<\/li>\n
                                            • NMR\uff1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c22\u952e\u7684 O\u2014H\/N\u2014H \u8d28\u5b50\u5e38\u5411\u4f4e\u573a\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4e14\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u6d53\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                            • \u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6c22\u952e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5206\u5b50\u5806\u79ef\u3001\u6676\u578b\u3001\u7194\u70b9\u548c\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n
                                            • \u86cb\u767d\u8d28 \u03b1-\u87ba\u65cb\u3001\u03b2-\u6298\u53e0\u4e0e DNA \u78b1\u57fa\u914d\u5bf9\u5747\u4f9d\u8d56\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u6c22\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                                              8. \u7279\u6b8a\u6c22\u952e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n \n
                                              \u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\u7ed3\u6784<\/th>\u8981\u70b9<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                              \u53cc\u53c9\u6c22\u952e<\/td>\u4e00\u4e2a D\u2014H \u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d7\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u4f53\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a H<\/td>\u5355\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8f83\u5f31\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5927\u5206\u5b50<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u4e09\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6c22\u952e<\/td>D\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7A\/B<\/td>\u51e0\u4f55\u5224\u65ad\u91cd\u8981<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u4f4e\u52bf\u5792\u6c22\u952e LBHB<\/td>\u8d28\u5b50\u5728 D \u4e0e A \u95f4\u52bf\u5792\u5f88\u4f4e<\/td>\u5f3a\u3001\u77ed\uff0c\u5e38\u5728 pKa<\/sub> \u5339\u914d\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u5171\u632f\u8f85\u52a9\u6c22\u952e RAHB<\/td>\u6c22\u952e\u4e0e \u03c0 \u5171\u8f6d\u73af\u8026\u5408<\/td>\u03b2-\u4e8c\u7fb0\u57fa\u70ef\u9187\u5f0f\u5e38\u89c1<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u7535\u8377\u8f85\u52a9\u6c22\u952e<\/td>D\u2014H+<\/sup>\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7A \u6216 D\u2014H\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7A\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\u5f3a\u5ea6\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u4e8c\u6c22\u952e<\/td>X\u2014H\u03b4+<\/sup>\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7H\u03b4\u2212<\/sup>\u2014M<\/td>\u6c22\u952e\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5ef6\u4f38<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n <\/section>\n\n
                                              \n

                                              \u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6c22\u4e0e\u5178\u578b\u53cd\u5e94<\/h2>\n\n

                                              1. \u50ac\u5316\u6c22\u5316<\/h3>\n \n
                                              \u5e95\u7269<\/th>\u6761\u4ef6<\/th>\u4ea7\u7269\/\u9009\u62e9\u6027<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                              \u70ef\u70c3<\/td>H2<\/sub>\/Pd\u3001Pt\u3001Ni<\/td>\u70f7\u70c3\uff1b\u8868\u9762\u987a\u5f0f\u52a0\u6210\u5e38\u89c1<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u7094\u70c3<\/td>H2<\/sub>\/Pd\u3001Pt\u3001Ni \u8fc7\u91cf<\/td>\u70f7\u70c3<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u7094\u70c3<\/td>H2<\/sub>\/Lindlar \u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/td>\u987a\u5f0f\u70ef\u70c3\uff0c\u505c\u7559\u5728\u534a\u6c22\u5316<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u82b3\u73af<\/td>H2<\/sub>\/Ni\uff0c\u9ad8\u6e29\u9ad8\u538b<\/td>\u73af\u5df1\u70f7\u884d\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u8f83\u82db\u523b<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u919b\/\u916e<\/td>H2<\/sub>\/Ni \u6216 Pt<\/td>\u9187<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                              \u785d\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/td>H2<\/sub>\/Pd-C<\/td>\u82b3\u80fa<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                              2. \u50ac\u5316\u6c22\u5316\u673a\u7406\u8981\u70b9<\/h3>\n
                                                \n
                                              1. H2<\/sub> \u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u5438\u9644\u5e76\u89e3\u79bb\u4e3a M\u2014H\u3002<\/li>\n
                                              2. \u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u5e95\u7269\u5438\u9644\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n
                                              3. \u4e24\u4e2a H \u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u8868\u9762\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4 syn \u52a0\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n
                                              4. \u4ea7\u7269\u8131\u9644\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u518d\u751f\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n

                                                3. \u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u8fd8\u539f\u7fb0\u57fa\u673a\u7406<\/h3>\n
                                                R2<\/sub>C=O + H\u2212<\/sup> \u2192 R2<\/sub>CH\u2014O\u2212<\/sup> \u2192 R2<\/sub>CHOH<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                  \n
                                                • H\u2212<\/sup> \u653b\u51fb\u7fb0\u57fa\u78b3\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u70f7\u6c27\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                • \u540e\u5904\u7406 H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup> \u6216\u6c34\/\u9187\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u5f97\u5230\u9187\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                • NaBH4<\/sub> \u6e29\u548c\uff0cLiAlH4<\/sub> \u5f3a\uff1b\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u5e38\u8003\u201c\u916f\u662f\u5426\u88ab NaBH4<\/sub> \u8fd8\u539f\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                                                  4. \u9009\u62e9\u6027\u8fd8\u539f\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n \n
                                                  \u5e95\u7269<\/th>NaBH4<\/sub><\/th>LiAlH4<\/sub><\/th>DIBAL-H<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u919b<\/td>\u4f2f\u9187<\/td>\u4f2f\u9187<\/td>\u4f2f\u9187<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u916e<\/td>\u4ef2\u9187<\/td>\u4ef2\u9187<\/td>\u4ef2\u9187<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u7fa7\u9178<\/td>\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\u4f2f\u9187<\/td>\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f5c\u9996\u9009<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u916f<\/td>\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\u4e24\u4e2a\u9187<\/td>\u221278 \u2103 \u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u5f97\u919b<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u9170\u6c2f<\/td>\u53ef\u53cd\u5e94\u4f46\u6613\u8fc7\u8fd8\u539f<\/td>\u9187<\/td>\u53ef\u63a7\u6761\u4ef6\u5f97\u919b<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u9170\u80fa<\/td>\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\u80fa<\/td>\u7279\u6b8a\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u539f<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u8148<\/td>\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\u4f2f\u80fa<\/td>\u4f4e\u6e29\u53ef\u5f97\u919b<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                                  5. \u4e0e\u201c\u52a0\u6c22\u201d\u6613\u6df7\u7684\u53cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n \n
                                                  \u53cd\u5e94<\/th>\u8bd5\u5242<\/th>\u6c22\u6765\u6e90<\/th>\u7acb\u4f53\/\u533a\u57df\u9009\u62e9<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u70ef\u70c3\u50ac\u5316\u6c22\u5316<\/td>H2<\/sub>\/\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>H2<\/sub><\/td>\u5e38 syn<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u787c\u6c22\u5316-\u6c27\u5316<\/td>BH3<\/sub>\uff1bH2<\/sub>O2<\/sub>\/OH\u2212<\/sup><\/td>B\u2014H \u4e0e\u6c34\/\u6c27\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4<\/td>\u53cd\u9a6c\u6c0f\u3001syn \u52a0\u6210<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  \u6c22\u5364\u9178\u52a0\u6210<\/td>HX<\/td>H+<\/sup> \u4e0e X\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\u9a6c\u6c0f\u89c4\u5219\uff1b\u8fc7\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u4e0b HBr \u53cd\u9a6c\u6c0f<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  Birch \u8fd8\u539f<\/td>Na\/NH3<\/sub>(l)\/ROH<\/td>\u9187\/NH3<\/sub> \u4f9b H<\/td>\u82b3\u73af\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u673a\u7406<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  Clemmensen \u8fd8\u539f<\/td>Zn(Hg)\/HCl<\/td>\u9178\u6027\u4f53\u7cfb<\/td>\u7fb0\u57fa \u2192 \u4e9a\u7532\u57fa<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                  Wolff\u2013Kishner \u8fd8\u539f<\/td>NH2<\/sub>NH2<\/sub>\/\u5f3a\u78b1\/\u70ed<\/td>\u80bc\u4e2d H<\/td>\u7fb0\u57fa \u2192 \u4e9a\u7532\u57fa\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                                  6. \u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u7684 H2<\/sub> \u6d3b\u5316<\/h3>\n
                                                  \n \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8\uff1a<\/b>\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6d3b\u5316 H2<\/sub>\uff1a\n
                                                    \n
                                                  1. \u6c27\u5316\u52a0\u6210\uff1a\u4f4e\u4ef7\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6c27\u5316\u6001\u5347\u9ad8 2\uff0c\u751f\u6210 cis-\u4e8c\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                  2. \u03c3-H2<\/sub> \u914d\u5408\u7269\uff1aH\u2014H \u952e\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u65ad\u88c2\uff0c\u4ee5 \u03c3 \u952e\u5411\u91d1\u5c5e\u7ed9\u7535\u5b50\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u91d1\u5c5e\u56de\u9988\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n
                                                    Ln<\/sub>M + H2<\/sub> \u2192 Ln<\/sub>M(H)2<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n
                                                    \n

                                                    \u5341\u4e09\u3001\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n\n

                                                    1. \u6c22\u6c27\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60<\/h3>\n \n \n \n
                                                    \u4ecb\u8d28<\/th>\u8d1f\u6781\u53cd\u5e94<\/th>\u6b63\u6781\u53cd\u5e94<\/th>\u603b\u53cd\u5e94<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                                    \u9178\u6027<\/td>\n H2<\/sub> \u2192 2H+<\/sup> + 2e\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\n O2<\/sub> + 4H+<\/sup> + 4e\u2212<\/sup> \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O<\/td>\n 2H2<\/sub> + O2<\/sub> \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
                                                    \u78b1\u6027<\/td>\n H2<\/sub> + 2OH\u2212<\/sup> \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O + 2e\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\n O2<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O + 4e\u2212<\/sup> \u2192 4OH\u2212<\/sup><\/td>\n 2H2<\/sub> + O2<\/sub> \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/table>\n
                                                    \n \u6613\u9519\uff1a<\/b>\u71c3\u6599\u7535\u6c60\u4e2d H2<\/sub> \u5728\u8d1f\u6781\u88ab\u6c27\u5316\uff0cO2<\/sub> \u5728\u6b63\u6781\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\uff1b\u4e0d\u8981\u628a\u201c\u9634\u6781\/\u9633\u6781\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b63\u6781\/\u8d1f\u6781\u201d\u5728\u539f\u7535\u6c60\u3001\u7535\u89e3\u6c60\u4e2d\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\n <\/div>\n\n

                                                    2. \u6807\u51c6\u6c22\u7535\u6781 SHE<\/h3>\n
                                                    2H+<\/sup>(aq, a=1) + 2e\u2212<\/sup> \u21cc H2<\/sub>(g, 1 bar)\u3000E\u00b0 = 0 V<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • Pt \u9ed1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u60f0\u6027\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e0e\u50ac\u5316\u8868\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                    • 25 \u2103\u3001H2<\/sub> \u538b\u5f3a 1 bar\u3001H+<\/sup> \u6d3b\u5ea6 1 \u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49 E\u00b0=0\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                    • Nernst \u65b9\u7a0b\uff1apH \u5347\u9ad8\u65f6\uff0c\u6c22\u7535\u6781\u8fd8\u539f\u7535\u52bf\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n
                                                      E = E\u00b0 \u2212 \\frac{0.05916}{2}\\log\\frac{p(H2<\/sub>)}{a(H+<\/sup>)2<\/sup>}\u300025 \u2103<\/span><\/div>\n

                                                      \u82e5 p(H2<\/sub>)=1 bar\uff0c\u5219 E = \u22120.05916 pH\u3002<\/p>\n\n

                                                      3. \u6c22\u6c14\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0e\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u91cf<\/h3>\n \n
                                                      \u53cd\u5e94<\/th>1 mol \u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u4ea7 H2<\/sub> \u91cf<\/th>\u6ce8\u610f<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                                      Zn + 2HCl<\/td>1 mol Zn \u2192 1 mol H2<\/sub><\/td>\u9178\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u9650\u91cf<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                      2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2<\/sub>O<\/td>1 mol Al \u2192 1.5 mol H2<\/sub><\/td>\u4e24\u6027\u91d1\u5c5e\u78b1\u6eb6<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                      NaH + H2<\/sub>O<\/td>1 mol NaH \u2192 1 mol H2<\/sub><\/td>H \u6765\u6e90\u4e00\u534a\u6765\u81ea\u6c34<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                      CaH2<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O<\/td>1 mol CaH2<\/sub> \u2192 2 mol H2<\/sub><\/td>\u5e72\u71e5\u5242\/\u4ea7\u6c22\u5242<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                      LiAlH4<\/sub> + 4H2<\/sub>O<\/td>1 mol LiAlH4<\/sub> \u2192 4 mol H2<\/sub><\/td>\u540e\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8c28\u614e<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                      NaBH4<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O<\/td>1 mol NaBH4<\/sub> \u2192 4 mol H2<\/sub><\/td>\u78b1\u6027\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u50ac\u5316\u52a0\u901f<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                                      4. \u952e\u80fd\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5411<\/h3>\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • H\u2014F \u952e\u5f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 H2<\/sub> \u4e0e F2<\/sub> \u6781\u6613\u751f\u6210 HF\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                      • H\u2014I \u952e\u5f31\uff0cHI \u9ad8\u6e29\u4e0b\u66f4\u6613\u5206\u89e3\uff0cH2<\/sub> + I2<\/sub> \u21cc 2HI \u53ef\u9006\u6027\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                      • C=C \u6c22\u5316\u70ed\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u70ef\u70c3\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a\u70ef\u70c3\uff0c\u6c22\u5316\u653e\u70ed\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                      • \u82b3\u9999\u4f53\u7cfb\u6c22\u5316\u9700\u7834\u574f\u82b3\u9999\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6761\u4ef6\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u70ef\u70c3\u66f4\u82db\u523b\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                                                        5. \u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d<\/h3>\n
                                                        \n \u7ade\u8d5b\u62d4\u9ad8\uff1a<\/b>\u7535\u89e3\u6c34\u6790\u6c22\u4e0d\u53ea\u770b\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7535\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd8\u770b\u7535\u6781\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6c22\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u3002Pt \u6790\u6c22\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u4f4e\uff1bHg\u3001Pb \u7b49\u8fc7\u7535\u4f4d\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u7535\u89e3\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c89\u79ef\u4e0e\u6790\u6c22\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n
                                                        \n

                                                        \u5341\u56db\u3001\u7ade\u8d5b\u9898\u578b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n\n

                                                        1. \u6c27\u5316\u6001\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n
                                                          \n
                                                        1. \u5148\u770b H \u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u5355\u8d28\uff1aH2<\/sub> \u4e2d\u4e3a 0\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                        2. \u770b\u952e\u8fde\u5bf9\u8c61\u7535\u8d1f\u6027\uff1a\u4e0e O\u3001N\u3001F\u3001Cl\u3001C \u7b49\u8f83\u7535\u8d1f\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u8fde\u901a\u5e38 +1\uff1b\u4e0e Na\u3001Ca\u3001Al\u3001B\u3001Si\u3001\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u7b49\u76f8\u8fde\u5e38 \u22121\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                        3. \u914d\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u628a H \u4f5c\u4e3a H\u2212<\/sup> \u914d\u4f53\uff0c\u518d\u7528\u603b\u7535\u8377\u6c42\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                        4. \u9047\u5230\u6865\u6c22\u3001\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u952e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u6309\u666e\u901a\u5355\u952e\u6570\u673a\u68b0\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n

                                                          2. \u6c22\u5316\u7269\u6c34\u89e3\u4ea7\u6c22\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n
                                                          H\u2212<\/sup> + H+<\/sup> \u2192 H2<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\n

                                                          \u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u53cd\u5e94\u7684 H\u2212<\/sup> \u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a H2<\/sub>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 NaBH4<\/sub>\u3001LiAlH4<\/sub> \u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a H\u2212<\/sup> \u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94 1 mol H2<\/sub>\u3002<\/p>\n\n

                                                          3. \u6c22\u952e\u5f3a\u5f31\u6bd4\u8f83\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n
                                                            \n
                                                          1. \u5148\u5224\u6709\u65e0\u4f9b\u4f53 D\u2014H\uff1a\u919a\u53ef\u4f5c\u53d7\u4f53\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4f9b\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                          2. \u518d\u5224\u53d7\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528\uff1a\u9170\u80fa N \u5b64\u5bf9\u53c2\u4e0e\u5171\u632f\uff0c\u53d7\u4f53\u80fd\u529b\u5f31\uff1b\u7fb0\u57fa O \u5e38\u4e3a\u5f3a\u53d7\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                          3. \u6bd4\u8f83\u51e0\u4f55\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u4e94\u5143\/\u516d\u5143\u73af\u901a\u5e38\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                          4. \u8003\u8651\u7535\u8377\uff1a\u79bb\u5b50\u578b\u6c22\u952e\u5e38\u663e\u8457\u5f3a\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                          5. \u8003\u8651\u6eb6\u5242\uff1a\u6c34\u4e2d\u5f3a\u53d7\u4f53\u4f1a\u88ab\u6c34\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u975e\u6781\u6027\u6eb6\u5242\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u7f14\u5408\u66f4\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n

                                                            4. \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u9898\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n \n
                                                            \u9898\u578b<\/th>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/th>\u5173\u952e\u7ed3\u8bba<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                                            \u4e30\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97<\/td>\u5e73\u5747\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf = \u03a3\u4e30\u5ea6\u00d7\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u8d28\u91cf<\/td>D \u4e30\u5ea6\u5f88\u5c0f\u4f46\u8d28\u91cf\u5dee\u5927<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                            \u4ea4\u6362\u53cd\u5e94<\/td>\u627e\u6d3b\u6cfc H\uff1aO\u2014H\u3001N\u2014H\u3001S\u2014H\u3001\u9178\u6027 C\u2014H<\/td>\u975e\u6d3b\u6cfc C\u2014H \u4e0d\u8f7b\u6613\u4ea4\u6362<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                            KIE \u5224\u65ad<\/td>\u770b\u51b3\u901f\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u5426\u65ad X\u2014H\/X\u2014D<\/td>\u65ad\u952e\u5219\u4e00\u7ea7 KIE \u5927<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                            \u8c31\u5b66<\/td>D \u66ff\u4ee3 H \u540e\u632f\u52a8\u9891\u7387\u964d\u4f4e<\/td>\u03bd \u221d 1\/\u221a\u03bc<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                                            5. \u6709\u673a\u8fd8\u539f\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • \u770b\u5230 H2<\/sub>\/Pd\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651 C=C\u3001C\u2261C\u3001NO2<\/sub> \u7b49\u50ac\u5316\u6c22\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                            • \u770b\u5230 NaBH4<\/sub>\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u8fd8\u539f\u919b\u916e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                            • \u770b\u5230 LiAlH4<\/sub>\uff1a\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u7fa7\u9178\u884d\u751f\u7269\u4e5f\u53ef\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                            • \u770b\u5230 DIBAL-H\uff0c\u221278 \u2103\uff1a\u916f\/\u8148\u5230\u919b\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                            • \u770b\u5230 Lindlar\uff1a\u7094\u70c3\u5230 cis-\u70ef\u70c3\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                            • \u770b\u5230 Na\/NH3<\/sub>(l)\uff1a\u7094\u70c3\u5230 trans-\u70ef\u70c3\uff0c\u82b3\u73af Birch \u8fd8\u539f\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/section>\n\n
                                                              \n

                                                              \u5341\u4e94\u3001\u7ade\u8d5b\u9ad8\u9891\u9519\u9898\u4e0e\u51b7\u95e8\u8003\u70b9<\/h2>\n\n

                                                              1. \u9ad8\u9891\u9519\u9898\u6e05\u5355<\/h3>\n \n
                                                              \u9519\u8bef\u8bf4\u6cd5<\/th>\u6b63\u786e\u8bf4\u6cd5<\/th><\/tr>\n
                                                              \u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u88f8 H+<\/sup><\/td>H+<\/sup> \u5f3a\u70c8\u6c34\u5408\uff0c\u5e38\u5199 H3<\/sub>O+<\/sup> \u6216 H+<\/sup>(aq) \u7b80\u5199<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              \u6240\u6709\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4e2d H \u90fd\u662f \u22121<\/td>NH3<\/sub>\u3001H2<\/sub>O\u3001HF \u4e2d H \u4e3a +1\uff1b\u91d1\u5c5e\/\u787c\/\u94dd\/\u7845\u7b49\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u5e38\u4e3a \u22121<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              HF \u662f\u5f3a\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a F \u7535\u8d1f\u6027\u6700\u5927<\/td>HF \u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u662f\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u5f3a H\u2014F \u952e\u4e0e\u6c22\u952e\u7f14\u5408\u524a\u5f31\u7535\u79bb<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              HCl \u6bd4 HF \u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u5927<\/td>HF \u56e0\u5f3a\u6c22\u952e\u6cb8\u70b9\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\u4e8e HCl<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              \u90bb\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u915a\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u5bf9\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u915a\u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8<\/td>\u90bb\u4f4d\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e\u524a\u5f31\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u7f14\u5408\uff0c\u5e38\u66f4\u6613\u6325\u53d1<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              NaBH4<\/sub> \u4e0e LiAlH4<\/sub> \u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u4e00\u6837<\/td>LiAlH4<\/sub> \u5f3a\u5f97\u591a\u4e14\u6015\u6c34\uff1bNaBH4<\/sub> \u6e29\u548c<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              \u50ac\u5316\u6c22\u5316\u662f H\u2212<\/sup> \u52a0\u6210<\/td>\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762 H \u539f\u5b50\/\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u6e38\u79bb H\u2212<\/sup><\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              H2<\/sub> \u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u5f31\u662f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u56e0<\/td>\u5f88\u591a\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u4f46 H\u2014H \u952e\u5f3a\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6d3b\u5316\u56f0\u96be<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              \u6b63\u6c22\u4e0e\u4ef2\u6c22\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/td>\u4e8c\u8005\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u662f\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u5f02\u6784\u4f53<\/td><\/tr>\n
                                                              \u51b0\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\u53ea\u662f\u70ed\u80c0\u51b7\u7f29<\/td>\u51b0\u7684\u6c22\u952e\u7f51\u7edc\u5f62\u6210\u5f00\u9614\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6db2\u6001\u6c34<\/td><\/tr>\n <\/table>\n\n

                                                              2. \u51b7\u95e8\u4f46\u53ef\u62c9\u5206\u8003\u70b9<\/h3>\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>H\u2212<\/sup> \u4e0e H+<\/sup> \u751f\u6210 H2<\/sub> \u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6807\u8bb0\u9898\uff1aNaD + H2<\/sub>O \u2192 HD + NaOH\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>\u6b63\/\u4ef2\u6c22\u4f4e\u6e29\u8f6c\u5316\u653e\u70ed\uff0c\u6db2\u6c22\u50a8\u5b58\u9700\u50ac\u5316\u9884\u8f6c\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>D2<\/sub> \u7684\u6838\u81ea\u65cb\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0e H2<\/sub> \u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>\u4e8c\u6c22\u952e X\u2014H\u03b4+<\/sup>\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7H\u03b4\u2212<\/sup>\u2014M \u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u6c28\u787c\u70f7\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>\u4f4e\u52bf\u5792\u6c22\u952e\u8981\u6c42\u4f9b\u4f53\/\u53d7\u4f53 pKa<\/sub> \u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8d28\u5b50\u5728\u4e24\u7aef\u95f4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u914d\u4f53\u5728\u91d1\u5c5e\u914d\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3a\u7aef\u57fa\u6c22\u3001\u6865\u6c22\u3001\u4e09\u4e2d\u5fc3\u952e\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>H2<\/sub> \u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a \u03c3-\u914d\u4f53\u5f62\u6210 Kubas \u578b\u4e8c\u6c22\u914d\u5408\u7269\uff0cH\u2014H \u952e\u88ab\u62c9\u957f\u4f46\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u65ad\u88c2\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>\u6c22\u952e\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u9178\u6027\uff1a\u90bb\u7f9f\u57fa\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u3001\u6c34\u6768\u9178\u3001\u03b2-\u4e8c\u7fb0\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5e38\u56e0\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e\u548c\u5171\u632f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6539\u53d8 pKa<\/sub>\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>\u6c22\u6ea2\u6d41\uff1a\u91d1\u5c5e\u8868\u9762\u89e3\u79bb H2<\/sub> \u540e\uff0cH \u539f\u5b50\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u8f7d\u4f53\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u76f8\u8868\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                              • \u51b7\u95e8<\/span>\u6c22\u8106\uff1aH \u539f\u5b50\u8fdb\u5165\u91d1\u5c5e\u6676\u683c\u6216\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f7f\u6750\u6599\u5851\u6027\u548c\u97e7\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n

                                                                3. \u6807\u8bb0\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5178\u578b\u53cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n
                                                                NaD + H2<\/sub>O \u2192 NaOH + HD\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                CaD2<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O \u2192 Ca(OH)2<\/sub> + 2HD\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                LiAlD4<\/sub> + R2<\/sub>C=O \u2192 R2<\/sub>CD\u2014O\u2212<\/sup> \u2192 R2<\/sub>CDOH<\/span><\/div>\n

                                                                \u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u5e94\u7528\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u201c\u6c22\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u201d\uff1a\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f H\u2212<\/sup>\/D\u2212<\/sup>\uff0c\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u662f H+<\/sup>\/D+<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n

                                                                \n

                                                                \u5341\u516d\u3001\u901f\u8bb0\u6e05\u5355<\/h2>\n\n
                                                                \n
                                                                \n

                                                                \u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u7269\u6027<\/h3>\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                • H2<\/sub>\uff1a\u03c31s<\/sub>2<\/sup>\uff0c\u952e\u7ea7 1\uff0c\u6297\u78c1\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                • H\u2014H \u952e\u957f 0.7414 \u00c5\uff0c\u952e\u7113\u7ea6 436 kJ\u00b7mol\u22121<\/sup>\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                • H2<\/sub> \u7194\u70b9 13.99 K\uff0c\u6cb8\u70b9 20.271 K\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                • H2<\/sub> \u53ef\u71c3\u8303\u56f4\u5bbd\uff0c\u70b9\u71c3\u524d\u9a8c\u7eaf\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n
                                                                  \n

                                                                  \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/h3>\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • H\u3001D\u3001T \u5206\u522b\u4e3a 0\u30011\u30012 \u4e2a\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                  • D2<\/sub>O \u7194\u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8\u4e8e H2<\/sub>O\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                  • \u65ad X\u2014H \u4e3a\u51b3\u901f\u6b65\u9aa4\u65f6 KIE \u660e\u663e\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                  • T \u653e\u5c04\u6027 \u03b2\u2212<\/sup> \u8870\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n
                                                                    \n

                                                                    \u6c27\u5316\u6001<\/h3>\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • H2<\/sub> \u4e2d H \u4e3a 0\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                    • \u4e0e\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u8f83\u7535\u8d1f\u5143\u7d20\u6210\u952e\u591a\u4e3a +1\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                    • \u91d1\u5c5e\/\u787c\/\u94dd\/\u7845\u6c22\u5316\u7269\u4e2d\u5e38\u4e3a \u22121\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                    • H\u2212<\/sup> \u662f\u5f3a\u78b1\u5f3a\u8fd8\u539f\u4eb2\u6838\u6c22\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n
                                                                      \n

                                                                      \u6c22\u952e<\/h3>\n
                                                                        \n
                                                                      • \u5f3a\u5f31\u770b\u4f9b\u4f53\u3001\u53d7\u4f53\u3001\u8ddd\u79bb\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u7535\u8377\u3001\u6eb6\u5242\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                      • \u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6c22\u952e\u5e38\u964d\u4f4e\u6c34\u6eb6\u6027\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u7f14\u5408\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                      • \u534f\u540c\u6c22\u952e\u589e\u5f3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
                                                                      • HF\u3001H2<\/sub>O\u3001NH3<\/sub> \u6cb8\u70b9\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n

                                                                        \u6700\u5c0f\u5fc5\u80cc\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
                                                                        Zn + 2HCl \u2192 ZnCl2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                        2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2<\/sub>O \u2192 2Na[Al(OH)4<\/sub>] + 3H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                        2H2<\/sub> + O2<\/sub> \u2192 2H2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                        N2<\/sub> + 3H2<\/sub> \u21cc 2NH3<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                        NaH + H2<\/sub>O \u2192 NaOH + H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                        CaH2<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>O \u2192 Ca(OH)2<\/sub> + 2H2<\/sub>\u2191<\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                        CO + H2<\/sub>O \u21cc CO2<\/sub> + H2<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\n
                                                                        2H+<\/sup> + 2e\u2212<\/sup> \u21cc H2<\/sub><\/span><\/div>\n <\/section>\n\n
                                                                        \n

                                                                        \u53c2\u8003\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90<\/h2>\n

                                                                        \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u6c22\u5143\u7d20\u57fa\u7840\u7269\u6027\u3001\u7194\u6cb8\u70b9\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0e\u5929\u7136\u4e30\u5ea6\u3001H2<\/sub> \u952e\u957f\u3001\u6c22\u952e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001hydron\/hydride \u672f\u8bed\u3001\u6b63\/\u4ef2\u6c22\u89c4\u5219\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u71c3\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u53c2\u8003 RSC\u3001NIST WebBook\u3001NIST \u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u8868\u3001NIST CCCBDB\u3001IUPAC Gold Book\u3001\u6b63\/\u4ef2\u6c22\u5149\u8c31\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u6c22\u5b89\u5168\u8d44\u6599\u6574\u7406\u3002:contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}<\/p>\n <\/section>\n<\/main>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                                                        \u4e00\u3001\u4e13\u9898\u603b\u56fe\u4e0e\u8003\u70b9\u8fb9\u754c \u7ade\u8d5b\u590d\u4e60\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u201c\u6c22\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u5143\u7d20\u4e13\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u65e0\u673a\u3001\u7269\u5316\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6709\u673a\u548c\u6838\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-elechem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53,"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/53"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serbwaef2ajnj2p.midc.me\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}